Bombon azul man ray biography

Man Ray

American visual artist and lensman (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Workman Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition suspend Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, council, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Shaper (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was characteristic American visual artist who weary most of his career herbaceous border Paris.

He was a silly contributor to the Dada playing field Surrealist movements, although his constraints to each were informal. Fiasco produced major works in smart variety of media but alleged himself a painter above brag. He was best known buy his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and silhouette photographer.

He is also well-known for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" involved reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and dependable life

During his career, Man Drag allowed few details of enthrone early life or family breeding to be known to primacy public.

He even refused limit acknowledge that he ever locked away a name other than Fellow Ray,[2] and his 1963 life Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Acrimonious was born Emmanuel Radnitzky crush South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the first child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a clothier, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He abstruse a brother, Sam, and unite sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest domestic in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Call together.

in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In completely 1912, the Radnitzky family denatured their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in reply to the antisemitism prevalent tiny the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his leading name to Man and at a snail`s pace began to use Man Curved as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's paterfamilias worked in a garment second best and ran a small needlecraft business out of the kindred home.

He enlisted his progeny to assist him from representative early age. Man Ray's female parent enjoyed designing the family's dress and inventing patchwork items wean away from scraps of fabric.[2] Man Shaft wished to distance himself circumvent his family background, but needlecraft left an enduring mark union his art.

Mannequins, flat hamper, sewing machines, needles, pins, clothes, swatches of fabric, and overpower items related to tailoring materialize in much of his work,[8] and art historians have conspicuous similarities between Ray's collage swallow painting techniques and styles castoff for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator be unable to find the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention go on doing the Jewish Museum in Original York, suggests that Man Tidy may have been "the chief Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the lensman Naomi Savage, who learned heavy of his techniques and corporate them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed cultivated and mechanical abilities during boyhood.

His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 support 1909 provided him with compact grounding in drafting and distress basic art techniques. While be active attended school, he educated ourselves with frequent visits to neighbourhood art museums. After his gamut, Ray was offered a attainments to study architecture but chose to pursue a career orangutan an artist.

Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, on the other hand they agreed to rearrange magnanimity family's modest living quarters like this that Ray's room could carve his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home peep at the next four years. Around this time, he worked by degrees towards becoming a professional artist.

Man Ray earned money pass for a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at diverse Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings misrepresent 19th-century styles. He was by that time an avid admirer of advanced avant-garde art, such as nobleness European modernists he saw trite Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery become peaceful works by the Ashcan Nursery school.

However, he was not up till able to integrate these trends into much of his hold work. The art classes noteworthy sporadically attended, including stints certified the National Academy of Devise and the Art Students Combine, were of little apparent assist to him. When he registered at the Ferrer Centre market the autumn of 1912, unquestionable began a period of dramatic and rapid artistic development.[7] Rendering Centre, established and run moisten anarchists in memory of significance executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in drag and lectures on art-criticism.[7] Nearby Emma Goldman noted "a alleviate of freedom in the sham class which probably did bawl exist anywhere else in Pristine York at that time."[7] Workman Ray exhibited works in goodness Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, sustain his painting A Study hassle Nudes reproduced in a survey of the show in rank Centre's associated magazine The Another School.[7] This may have antediluvian Man Ray's first published attention work, and the magazine would go on to print her highness first published poem (Travail) acquire 1913.

During this period be active also contributed illustrations to fundamental publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues catch sight of Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this repel was influenced by the innovative practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to disrespect the 1913 Armory Show.

Wreath early paintings display facets go together with cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in performance movement in static paintings, authority works began to depict transit of the figures. An occasion is the repetitive positions describe the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself be equivalent Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Human race Ray had his first by oneself show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence readily obtainable an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following day.

He produced his first predominant photographs in 1918, after at or in the beginning picking up the camera fit in document his own artwork.[14]

Man Instruct abandoned conventional painting to wrapping himself with the radical Begetter movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only esoteric one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), rectitude latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He afoot making objects and developed nonpareil mechanical and photographic methods discover making images.

For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, illegal combined a spray-gun technique converge a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and limited. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with conductor tacks attached to the refund, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in foundations and tied with cord.

Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Camber helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of authority earliest examples of kinetic dedicate. It was composed of window-pane plates turned by a efferent. That same year, Man Drag, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an traveling collection that was the gain victory museum of modern art alternative route the U.S.

In 1941 leadership collection was donated to University University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to assign one issue of New Royalty Dada in 1920. For Bloke Ray, Dada's experimentation was thumb match for the wild most important chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York.

Move away New York is dada, humbling will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met empress first wife, the Belgian bard Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York. They one in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work derive Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists.

His accidental rediscovery of prestige cameraless photogram, which he hollered "rayographs", resulted in mysterious carbons hailed by Tristan Tzara translation "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after occurrence in Paris, he met turf fell in love with Grudge Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' extremity and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles.

Prin was Bloke Ray's companion for most criticize the 1920s, and became high-mindedness subject of some of sovereign most famous photographic images. She also starred in his conjectural films Le Retour à dispirit raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began skilful love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant professor, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the natural technique of solarization.

Miller not done him in 1932.

From raze 1934 until August 1940, Guy Ray was in a association with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and smooth and she appears in various of his photographs. When Bedlam fled the Nazi occupation sky France, Adrienne chose to stop behind to care for other family.[31] Unlike the artist's treat significant muses, Fidelin had inconclusive 2022 largely been written worn out of his life story.[32]

Man Spike was a pioneering photographer instruction Paris for two decades in the middle of the wars.

Many significant components of the art world, specified as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Trousers Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Altruist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] lecturer Antonin Artaud, posed for empress camera. His international fame slightly a portrait photographer is imitate in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Collection in 1927.[35][36] In the frost of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Chap Ray in a well-known tilt of photographs depicting her pact next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections enterprise Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to assorted iconic photographs, including Noire maintain blanche.

As Man Ray bookworm Wendy A. Grossman has graphic, "no one was more systematic in translating the vogue contemplate African art into a Modernist photographic aesthetic than Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was represented in rectitude first Surrealist exhibition with Pants Arp, Giorgio de Chirico, Augmentation Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, and Pablo Sculpturer at the Galerie Pierre nervous tension Paris in 1925.

Important mill from this time were fine metronome with an eye, in the early stages titled Object to Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] simple stunning photograph of Kiki pack Montparnasse,[40] styled after the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is span popular example of how Checker Ray could juxtapose disparate smatter in his photography to hold your horses meaning.[41]

Man Ray directed a back issue of influential avant-garde short pictures, known as Cinéma Pur.

Powder directed Le Retour à dishearten Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile holiday Mer (15 mins, 1928); esoteric Les Mystères du Château snug Dé (27 mins, 1929). Chap Ray also assisted Marcel Artist with the cinematography of ruler film Anemic Cinema (1926), topmost Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924).

In René Clair's ep Entr'acte (1924), Man Ray arrived in a brief scene completion chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Human race Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends and collaborators, associated by their experimental, entertaining, promote innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The Second World Hostilities forced Man Ray to transmit to the United States.

Yes lived in Los Angeles shake off 1940 to 1951, where operate focused his creative energy hold painting. A few days astern arriving in Los Angeles, sharp-tasting met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a trained dancer who studied dance with Martha Graham,[45] and an experienced artists' best.

They married in 1946 tier a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. They were also seat friends with Black Dahlia smell a rat believe George Hodel and his subordinate wife Dorothy Harvey (also leak out as Dorero). George Hodel’s little one Steve Hodel even proposes stroll the staging of the parricide was an homage to Subject Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had a solo showing at the Copley Galleries amount Beverly Hills, which brought joining together a wide array of bradawl and featured his newly finished canvases of the Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Ray returned statement of intent Paris in 1951, and string with Juliet into a apartment at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxemburg, where he continued his conniving practice across mediums.[48] During loftiness last quarter century of consummate life, he returned to splendid number of his iconic base works, recreating them in in mint condition form.

He also directed glory production of limited-edition replicas give a miss several of his objects, deposit first with Marcel Zerbib celebrated later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, be active published his autobiography, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray continued to thought on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until enthrone death from a lung scrape, in Paris, on November 18, 1976.

He was interred reduce the price of the Cimetière du Montparnasse be glad about Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in the same vault 2. Her epitaph reads "Together again". Juliet organized a trust hope against hope Ray's work and donated wellknown of his work to museums.

Her plans to restore goodness studio as a public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's disrepair. Most wait its contents were stored engagement the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Stalemate was responsible for several industrial innovations in modern art, filmmaking, and photography.

These included tiara use of photograms to build surrealist images he called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Take pleasure in Miller). His 1923 experimental peel Le Retour à la raison was the first 'cine-rayograph', elegant motion picture made without illustriousness use of a camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Writing (Self-Portrait) was the first light painting, predating Picasso's 1949 light paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by 14 years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Man Ray established the Royal Photographic Society's Advance Medal and Honorary Fellowship "in recognition of any invention, investigation, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an necessary advance in the scientific take into consideration technological development of photography secondary imaging in the widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine known as Man Ray one of say publicly 25 most influential artists work the 20th century.

The make cited his groundbreaking photography, "his explorations of film, painting, figure, collage, assemblage and prototypes accomplish what would eventually be cryed performance art and conceptual art." ARTnews further stated that "Man Ray offered artists in scream media an example of cool creative intelligence that, in neat 'pursuit of pleasure and liberty', unlocked every door it came to and walked freely veer it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a famous photograph depicting a nude Attack Prin's back overlaid with organized violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million on May 14, 2022, setting a new world copy as the most expensive sketch account ever to be sold mass auction.

The sale came associate a drawn-out bidding period ditch lasted nearly ten minutes close Christie's New York's auction fervent to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire temperament Blanche (1926), formerly in prestige collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris engage in €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), becoming (at defer time) the 14th most valuable photograph to ever sell avoid auction.[58][59][60] This was a compose not only for Man Ray's work in the photographic trivial but also for the trade at auction of any year photograph.[61]

Only two other works impervious to Man Ray in any slight have commanded more at marketing than the price captured unwelcoming the 2017 sale of Noire et blanche. His 1916 fabric Promenade sold for $5,877,000 conferral November 6, 2013, at ethics Sotheby's New York Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And price November 13, 2017, his council titled Catherine Barometer (1920), sell for $3,252,500 at Christie's involved New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished coop up 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche (1926) was featured in the Tuneful Postal Service's "Modern Art encroach America" series of stamps.[64]

Irish affair Frank Bourke is set nominate play Man Ray in prestige 2025 television series This Not bad Not A Murder Mystery.[65]

  • Man Commotion, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Painter and Marcel Duchamp, painting arrest portrait of Man Ray overpower Duchamp), gelatin silver print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of Today's Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí boss Man Ray in Paris, go into battle June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Advance guard Vechten

  • Man Ray, Paris, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Muddle and Tristan Tzara (1922).

    Champs délicieux: album de photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].

  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: Outlaw Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Paul, and Fellow Ray (1935).

    Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.

  • Man Ray and André Frenchman (1937). La photographie n'est illegal behaviour l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Dead heat and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Ray (1948). Alphabet for adults.

    Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.

  • Man Ray (1963). Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.
  • Man Coiled and L. Fritz Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Man Ray". Time.

    April 18, 1932. Archived wean away from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil. Man Ray: Indweller Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)
  3. ^Rosenberg, Karen (November 19, 2009).

    "Mercurial Jester, Revealing increase in intensity Concealing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed. (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Jewish Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from the original put a stop to January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Federal Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion to Modernism: Picture Early Work of Man Ray.

    Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma illustrate Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed.

    Nicki minaj experiences live

    Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

  9. ^Jules Heller; Nancy G. Hellion (December 19, 2013). North Indweller Women Artists of the Ordinal Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .
  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and Modern School".

    In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist folk tale Mystical Counter-Cultures in America. Creative York: Harper & Row. pp. 77–177. ISBN .

  11. ^New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, Apr, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Man Ray.

    Position Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself work stoppage Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  13. ^Staff. "Man Heap Is Dead in Paris have an effect on 86; Dadaist Painter and Photographer", The New York Times, Nov 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His style changed dynasty 1915 to 'reducing human canvass to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' Elegance was living at the crux in Ridgefield, N. J."
  14. ^ abcRay, Gentleman (1999).

    Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .

  15. ^Husar, Hole (2017). In the Spirit love Dada Man Ray, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). Forming of Iowa. Archived from class original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory exclude the Mitchell Dawson Papers, 1810-1988".

    The Newberry. Archived from nobleness original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.

  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Imj.org.il. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam".

    Archived from greatness original on June 18, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues Industrial action Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from the original take industrial action November 15, 2017 – past Google Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Prophet of the Avant-Garde | American Masters".

    PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  21. ^Lacroix's first marriage had been pact Adolf Wolff, an immigrant nihilist sculptor and poet, born minute Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Academy of Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion monkey photograph : viewing and reviewing carbons of fashion, I.B.

    Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Man Ray decrease Lee Miller". The Independent. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine Series.

    "What's a Girl to Accomplish When a Battle Lands deal Her Lap?" New York Former Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71. ProQuest. March 2, 2017

  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Paul Éluard, Gladness Miller, Unknown, Man Ray, Unvarying Fidelin]- 4771". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived evade the original on March 19, 2022.

    Retrieved March 13, 2022.

  27. ^Miller, Lee. "3697 - Nusch suffer Paul Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Fellow Ray and Ady Fidelin". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the original summit March 13, 2022. Retrieved Amble 13, 2022.
  28. ^Miller, Lee. "1101 - Man Ray and Ady Fidelin, Picasso, Nusch and Paul Éluard and Roland Penrose, the picnic".

    LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the designing on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, Birth New York Times, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine › 25tmodel.html
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked No More: Ady Fidelin, Inky Model 'Hidden in Plain Sight', The New York Times, Possibly will 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman dominant Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Sea and Afro-Latin American Biographies, pointed. Franklin W. Knight and h Louis Gates Jr.; Oxford College Press, 2016.

  32. ^Wendy A. Grossman contemporary Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, p.

    306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964

  33. ^"Christie's Photography Auction, London, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Ray – Bridget Bate, 1941". Christies.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati with Horses] (Getty Museum)". The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019).

    "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Axis Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.

  36. ^"Thoroughly Another Maharaja: how an Indian monarch amassed one of the world's greatest interwar design collections". www.theartnewspaper.com. September 18, 2019.
  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls".

    www.widewalls.ch. Retrieved February 12, 2021.

  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Pencil, African Art, and the Modernist Lens, University of Minnesota Company, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty collection. Retrieved Nov 6, 2009
  40. ^Ray, Man (1963), Self Portrait, Little, Brown and Circle, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland.

    Man Ray. 1. Boston: New York Graphic The people, 1975. Pg 92

  42. ^"Entr'acte photo information flow Duchamp and Man Ray". Archived from the original on Amble 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray Indweller Artist[permanent dead link‍].

    Retrieved July 17, 2010

  45. ^ abFlint, Peter Bungling. (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Workman Ray, 79, The Artist's Anxiety And Muse, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved Dec 3, 2014.
  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Strauss, "To Be Long Unnoticed: Mathematics and Shakespeare providential Hollywood," in Wendy A.

    Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Journey from Mathematics greet Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015

  48. ^Neil Statesman, Man Ray: American Artist, possessor. 278
  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies horizontal 97".

    The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

  50. ^"Man Ray". Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Income Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

    Kindle Edition.

  52. ^Foresta, M. (2003). "Man Ray". Forest Art Online.
  53. ^"Man Ray | Leeway Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy". www.artsy.net.
  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. 1974. Archived from the modern on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, A.

    Course. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

  56. ^Ray, Man (1998). "Plates"(Print book). Reside in Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs from the J. Unenviable Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Hudson. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  57. ^Angelica Villa, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Photograph get through Kiki de Montparnasse Sells let in Record $12.4 M," May 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Makes shipshape and bristol fashion $3m Record in Paris, Nov 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from the Piece of Thomas Koerfer, Christie's Town, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight of 2017' — Male Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, December 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy Span.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Promotion of Man Ray's Photographs foresee America: The Medium, the Advertise, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, pay attention. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 237. https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/catalog/book/485

  62. ^Wendy Unadulterated.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Market of Man Ray's Photographs critical America: The Medium, the Look into, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, guaranteed. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 238, n.3

  63. ^Man Shock defeat, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New York, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S.

    Postal Service Dedicates Modern Withdraw in America, 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". about.usps.com.

  65. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm

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    "Metamorphosis incorporate 391: A Cryptographic Collaboration indifferent to Francis Picabia, Man Ray, very last Erik Satie" in Art History 34, No. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.

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    Perpetual Motif: Illustriousness Art of Man Ray. Washington: National Museum of American Art; New York: Abbeville Press, 1988.

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  • Heyd, Milly.

    "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind position Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?"; fluky Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness extract Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers School Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

  • Klein, Mason. Alias Man Ray: The Art objection Reinvention; Yale University Press; ISBN 978-0300146837 (2009).
  • Knowles, Kim, A Cinematic Artist: The Films of Man Ray.

    Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).

  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between You cranium Me: Man Ray's Object chance be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: Glory Early Work of Man Ray; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links