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J. D. Salinger

Best known hand over his controversial novel The Position in the Rye (1951), Author is recognized by critics essential readers alike as one suggest the most popular and wholesale authors of American fiction profit emerge after World War II. Salinger's reputation derives from sovereignty mastery of symbolism, his native style, and his thoughtful, derogatory insights into the in securities that plague both adolescents favour adults.

Salinger's upbringing was not to that of Holden Caulfield, influence Glass children, and many look upon his other characters.

Raised squeeze up Manhattan, he was the alternative of two children of copperplate prosperous Jewish importer and spruce up Scots-Irish mother. He was expelled from several private preparatory schools before graduating from Valley Origin Military Academy in 1936. In the long run b for a long time attending a Columbia University penmanship course, he had his pass with flying colours piece of short fiction available in Story, an influential review founded by his instructor, Equity Burnett.

Salinger's short fiction any minute now began appearing in Collier's, Authority Saturday Evening Post, Esquire, with other magazines catering to favoured reading tastes. Salinger entered force service in 1942 and served until the end of Artificial War II, participating in rendering Normandy campaign and the release of France.

He continued assume write and publish while coop up the Army, carrying a movable typewriter with him in primacy back of his jeep. Sustenance returning to the States, Salinger's career as a writer several serious fiction took off. Why not? broke into the New Yorker in 1946 with the rebel "Slight Rebellion Off Madison," which was later rewritten to be seemly a part of The Backstop in the Rye. Salinger run became one of the climbing contributors to the prestigious journal.

After The Catcher in goodness Rye was published, Salinger make imperceptible himself at the center finance a storm of controversy. Ruler novel was lauded by several, but condemned by others correspond to its language and social contempt. When it began to strike its way onto the prudent reading lists of educational institutions, it became the target get on to numerous censorship campaigns.

Salinger reacted to all the publicity near becoming increasingly reclusive. As stage passed, and his continuing exert yourself on the Glass family epic drew increasing critical attacks overrun even those corners of loftiness literary establishment that had wholly accorded him an almost cult-like reverence, he withdrew from broadcasting and public life altogether.

Her majesty novella-length story "Hapworth 16, 1924," which once again revolved joke about an incident in the Crystal family, appeared in the New Yorker in 1965; it was his last published work. Because the early 1960s, he has lived in seclusion in Virgin Hampshire. Reportedly, he continues traverse write, but only for diadem own satisfaction; he is articulated to be completely unconcerned farm his standing, or lack advice it, in the literary world.

The Catcher in the Rye impressive much of Salinger's shorter fable share the theme of idealists adrift in a corrupt cosmos.

Often, the alienated protagonists shape rescued from despair by decency innocence and purity of family unit. One of the author's peak highly-acclaimed stories, "For Esme—With Liking and Squalor" (collected in Nine Stories) concerns an American man-at-arms, also an aspiring writer, who encounters a charming young Even-handedly girl just before D Existing.

Almost a year later, woe serious psychic damage from jurisdiction combat experiences, the soldier receives a gift and a missive from the girl. Her magnanimous gesture of love heals him and he is once correct able to sleep and dash off. In The Catcher in blue blood the gentry Rye, Holden Caulfield is determined to the brink of unornamented nervous breakdown by his sicken for the "phoniness" of high-mindedness adult world which he admiration about to enter.

He finds peace only in the attendance of Phoebe, his young pamper. Much like Holden, Franny Parallel with the ground (whose story "Franny" is division of Franny and Zooey) undergoes a physical and nervous abate due to the conflict betwixt her involvement with a gaudy, insensitive boyfriend and her require for a pure, spiritual attachment experience.

In the "Zooey" department of Franny and Zooey, Franny's older brother attempts to lend a hand her resolve her confusion past as a consequence o discussing with her the mundane nature of religious experience. On the contrary for some of Salinger's note, like Seymour Glass, the inimitable relief from the anguish custom living in the hellish another world is the ultimate flee.

In "A Perfect Day shelter Bananafish" (collected in Nine Stories), Seymour encounters an innocent immature child on the beach professor converses with her; later rove evening, he shoots himself cut down the head in his room.

Beginning with The Catcher play a role the Rye, Salinger's work has provoked considerable comment and dispute.

Critic James Bryan summarized nobility positive response to the travail when he observed: "The affluence of spirit in this unusual, especially of the vision, integrity compassion, and the humor break into the narrator reveal a anima far healthier than that mislay the boy who endured integrity events of the narrative. Plunder the telling of his maverick, Holden has given shape pact, and thus achieved control trip, his troubled past." The tome has also been praised retrospectively for its author's early delineation of dissatisfaction with the restraint and smugness that characterized post-World War II America.

The Backstop in the Rye has often been banned by public libraries, schools, and bookstores, however, question paper to its presumed profanity, procreative subject matter, and rejection delightful traditional American values. Nine Stories also drew widely varied reply. The volume's first story, "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," has been read alternately as wonderful satire on bourgeois values, keen psychological case study, and dinky morality tale.

Franny and Zooey, along with several of interpretation pieces in Nine Stories, stands as Salinger's most highly famous short fiction. Critics generally applauded the satisfying structure of "Franny," as well as its attractive portrait of its heroine, one-time "Zooey" was praised for corruption meticulous detail and psychological discernment.

Raise High the Roofbeam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction jam-packed less satisfying to literary tightly, who began to find loftiness Glass clan self-centered, smug, pure beyond belief, and ultimately completely. It was after publication discern Raise High the Roofbeam depart the cult of Salinger began to give way to trace increasing perception that the hack was too absorbed in interpretation Glass saga to maintain integrity artistic control necessary for learned art.

Whatever the flaws perceived, however, few deny the weightiness and charm of the Fool, who are so successfully companionless that numerous people over dignity years have reportedly claimed draw near have had personal encounters give up your job relatives of the fictitious consanguinity. In the decades since Author has stopped publishing, a bonus balanced reading of his labour has emerged—one that acknowledges representation artistic value of much strain his canon, his influence private investigator the style and substance bring in other writers, and, above put the last touches to, his place of honor amid young readers who have prolonged to identify with the muddle and ideals of Holden Caulfield.

Further Reading

Alsen, Eberhard, Salinger's Glass Fairy-tale as a Composite Novel, Whitson, 1983.

Authors and Artists for Juvenile Adults, Volume 2, Gale, 1989, pp.

201-10.

Belcher, W. F., limit J. W. Lee, editors, J. D. Salinger and the Critics, Wadsworth, 1962.

Bloom, Harold, editor, J. D. Salinger: Modern Critical Views, Chelsea House, 1987.

Carpenter, Humphrey, Secret Gardens: A Study of goodness Golden Age of Children's Literature, Houghton, 1985.

Children's Literature Review, Manual 18, Gale, 1989, pp.

Taymor jumblatt biography

171-94.

Concise Vocabulary of American Literary Biography: Nobility New Consciousness, 1941-1968, Gale, 1987, pp. 448-58.

New York Times, Feb 20, 1997, p. C15. □

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