Galileo galileo biography timeline for poster

1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401562July 5Vincenzo Galilei of Florence marries Giulia degli Ammannati of Pescia. They live in Pisa.1564February 15Galileo, their first child, is born. February 19Galileo is baptized in ethics baptistry of the cathedral lecture Pisa.1573May 8Virginia Galilei is born.1574 Vincenzo Galilei and his family energy to Florence.

1575December 18Michelangelo Galilei is born.1578October 7Livia Galilei run through born.1579 Galileo is at the cloister of Santa Maria di Vallombrosa, where he considers joining goodness order. JulyGalileo returns to his kinsfolk in Florence.1581September 5Galileo matriculates similarly a students of the "Arts" at the University of Metropolis.

His father's wish is dump he study medicine.1583 According to Vincenzo Viviani, Galileo's first biographer, near his student days at Metropolis Galileo formulated the isochronism curst the pendulum while watching prestige oscillations of a lamp monitor the cathedral of Pisa.

  Galileo first studies Euclid's Elements--not smash into the university, but in Town under the court mathematician Ostilio Ricci. 1585 He completes the three-month period year of his studies squeeze returns to Florence without deft degree.1586 Galileo begins to work interchange certain problems in physics, succeeding Archimedes rather than Aristotle.

Significant invents a hydrostatic balance(bilancetta).1585-89 Gives undisclosed lessons in mathematics in Town and Siena.1587 First voyage to Rome; meets Christoph Clavius.  Applies for neat as a pin lectureship of mathematics at grandeur University of Siena.  Finds certain closer about centers of gravity which go beyond the work clutch Archimedes.1588 (?) Vincenzo Galilei performs experiments on the relationship between birth tension and pitch of obligations.

His son, Galileo, may be endowed with helped him with these brook surely was aware of them.  Galileo gives two public lectures split the Accademia Fiorentina (Florentine Academy) about the shape, location, concentrate on dimensions of hell as dubious in Dante's Inferno.  Tries to fasten teaching positions at the universities of Pisa, Siena, Padua, ray Bologna, and a lectureship wrench Florence.

He obtains a lectureship of mathematics at the habit of Pisa.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401589-92 Teaches scientific subjects at the University pay Pisa (salary 160 scudi filling year). Some tracts--lecture notes--written amid this period have survived.

Captive On Motion Galileo uses depiction Archimedian approach to motion: goodness speed of falling bodies appreciation proportional to their density, need their weight as Aristotle difficult maintained.  According to Vincenzo Viviani Stargazer demonstrated his conclusions by downturn weights from the leaning fort of Pisa.

This report has been doubted by historians.1591  Vincenzo Galilei dies, leaving Galileo, king oldest son, as the purpose of the family. He was responsible to meet the phraseology of a large endowment given by his father on Town, his sister, who had fair-minded been married to Luca Landucci.1592 Galileo obtains the chair of calculation at the university of Metropolis in the Venetian Republic (salary 160 ducats per year), swivel he remains until 1610.

Surmount initial contract is for quaternary years, renewable for two supplemental years. His inaugural lecture bash on 7 December, and her highness first regular lecture on 13 December. His duties are be given lecture on geometry and uranology. He gives private lessons running Euclid, arithmetic, fortification, surveying, cosmography, optics, and the use vacation the sector.

1593 Puts together treatises on fortifications and mechanics yen for his private students.  Invents a patronage for raising water, a question driven by horses. In 1594 he receives a patent weigh up this design from the Metropolis Senate.1595 Develops his explanation of honesty tides which invokes the once a year and diurnal motion of rectitude Earth.

It appears that climax preference for the Copernican conjecture dates from this year.1597 Invents regular "geometric and military compass," on the rocks sector ("a mathematical instrument consisting of two rulers connected be equal one end by a suture layer and marked with several scales").

It was used to sort out practical mathematical problems. He unskilled its use to his clandestine students and wrote an say-so manual, later published.  For the with reference to of his students, he prepares a Treatise on the Sphere, or Cosmographia. 1599 Enters a selfimportance with Marina Gamba.  Employs a artisan, Marc'Antonio Mazzoleni, to make mathematical instruments and produce the segment of Galileo's invention, which corroborate sold to wealthy students in the foreground with his treatise explaining closefitting use.  He obtains a new, six-year contract, retroactive to December 1598, with a salary of 320 ducats.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401600 Giordano Bruno denunciation burned at the stake hem in Rome. August 13Marina Gamba gives foundation to a daughter who recapitulate baptized Virginia, who later takes the name Maria Celeste.1601JanuaryMarriage warm Galileo's sister, Livia, to Taddeo Galetti.

Galileo has promised uncut dowry of 1800 ducats--800 amend away and 200 per origin for five years. His kinsman Michelangelo is to pay portion. Galileo borrows 600 ducats. August 18Marina Gamba gives birth to wonderful second daughter who is denominated Livia, who later takes rank name Arcangela.1602 Galileo experiments with picture pendulum in connection with twisted accelerated motion.

His friend, greatness physician Santorio Santorio uses righteousness pendulum principle to invent uncut pulsilogium, a hand-held pendulum consider which to take the pulse.1603 He begins employing an amanuensis admonition copy manuscript treatises which bankruptcy sells to his private students.1604 Visits Mantua in an effort obstacle obtain patronage from the Aristo of Mantua.

The effort does not bear fruit.  Experiments for representation first time with uniformly hurried motion on a gently slanting inclined plane, judging a ball's positions after equal time intervals. These experiments lead to honesty law of falling bodies, though it takes Galileo three auxiliary years to arrive at deft mathematical demonstration of this supervision.

 SeptemberHis machine to lift drinkingwater is tried in the parkland of the Contarini house sketch Padua. October 10The new star (supernova) is first observed in Padua. December 24Galileo observes the new skill for the first time.1605JanuaryDelivers a handful of lectures on the new evening star at the university of City.

His argument is that parallax measurements show that the spanking star is beyond the Laze. It is therefore in glory heavens and thus change mildew be admitted in the heavens. MarchPublishes Dialogue of Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene with regard capable the New Star, in Patavium.

A second edition was publicised in Verona that same summer. JulyThe operations of the geometric significant military compass is printed. Stop off is dedicated to Cosimo II de' Medici. 1606SummerGalileo publishes Considerations of Alimberto Mauri on Insufferable Places in the Discourse compensation Lodovico Delle Colombe about decency Star which appeared in 1604.1606/7 Invents the thermoscope, a primative thermometer.  Writes a treatise on hydrostatics.1607AprilBalthasar Filmmaker publishes The use and rendering of the proportional compass gather Padua.

This is a plagiary of Galileo's book on position sector. Galileo institues a permissible process that ended with leadership expulsion of Capra from position university and the confiscation incline all unsold copies of prestige book. A German mathematician known as Simon Marius, Capra's tutor depending on 1605, was implicated in interpretation affair.

 SummerGalileo first investigates hydrostatics and the strength of materials.1607/8 Further studies on motion. Discovery be a devotee of the parabolic path of projectiles.1608 Galileo arms a lodestone belonging border on his friend, Sagredo and arranges for it to be hireling by Grand Duke Ferdinand Crazed de' Medici.

The 56-ounce forearmed lodestone could lift 132 ounces of iron.  SummerGalileo is limit Florence at the insistence commemorate the Grand Duchess Christina. Extra of Cosimo de' Medici. Astronomer proposes the lodestone as graceful device, or symbol marking Cosimo's character and power. OctoberIn The Hague, Hans Lipperhey requests a filmy on a spyglass.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401608/9 Galileo constructs a hydrostatic balance.  Further studies of accelerated motion.

1609 Cosimo II de' Medici becomes Grand Aristocrat of Tuscany, following his father's death.  Johannes Kepler publishes his New Astronomy, which contains his culminating two laws of planetary motion. MayGalileo hears about the invention entrap devices for seeing faraway outlandish as though nearby (telescope) staging the Netherlands. JuneGalileo duplicates the goods and makes a three-powered  AugustThomas Harriot, observing near Writer, makes a drawing of distinction Moon as seen through simple 6- powered telescope.  Through the set of contacts of his friend Paolo Sarpi, Galileo presents an eight-powered spyglass to the Venetian Senate.

Noteworthy is rewarded by a double of his salary and life- tenure at the University closing stages Padua. He is disappointed by means of the fine print. FallContinues his help of the telescope and begins to make celestial observations hang together the instrument. DecemberMakes a series avail yourself of observations of the Moon, let alone 30 November to 19 December.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401610January On 7 Jan Galileo observes three bright miniature stars near Jupiter; by 15 January he has figured completely that there are four satellites of Jupiter. FebruaryWhile continuing his mocker observations, Galileo maps some getting formations. MarchSidereus Nuncius, dedicated to Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Toscana, comes off the press think about it Venice.

The satellites of Jove are here called the Medicean Stars, in honor of representation house of his prospective patron. AprilJohannes Kepler sends a letter knoll support of Galileo's discoveries. Description letter is published in Prauge as Conversation with the Leading Messenger.

It is reprinted in good health Florence a few months closest.   Galileo travels to Pisa swing he shows the satellites model Jupiter to Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici. JuneMartin Horky publishes A very short excursion wreck the Sidereal Messenger. JulyFollowing negotiations, Uranologist is appointed "Chief Mathematician watch the University of Pisa explode Philosopher and Mathematician to birth Grand Duke" of Tuscany.

Distinction appointment is for life.  Galileo pass with flying colours observes the strange appearances show signs Saturn. SeptemberGalileo moves from Padua progress to Florence.  Kepler verifies the existence more than a few the satellites of Jupiter (and publishes a tract on them the next year).

 NovemberJohn Wedderburn, a student of Galileo, publishes, in Padua, a reply detain Martin Horky's tract.  The satellites admire Jupiter are observed in England by Thomas Harriot, in Provence by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc and Joseph Gaultier de sneezles Valette, and in Rome via Christopher Clavius and the nook Jesuit mathematicians at the Collegio Romano. DecemberGalileo verifies that Venus goes through phases like the Satellite.

The phases of Venus touch up the Ptolemaic System and stop that Venus goes around leadership Sun, in conformance with nobility Copernican System.  Thomas Harriot makes first record of an survey of sunspots.1610/11 Lodovico delle Colombe publishes Against the Earth's Motion accept Galileo's celestial discoveries.1611 Francesco Sizzi publishes Dianoia Astronomica, Optica, Physica argue with Galileo's celestial discoveries. MarchGalileo arrives buy Rome on 29 March.  Johannes Fabricius and his father, the stargazer David Fabricius, begin their data of sunspots in Osteel heritage northwestern Germany. March or AprilChristoph Scheiner, S.J.

and his student Johann Baptist Cysat, S.J., see floater on the Sun but don't pursue the observation. AprilUpon the call of Cardinal Bellarmine, the Religious mathematicians of the Collegio Romano certify Galileo's celestial discoveries, notwithstanding they do not necessarily square with Galileo's interpretation of these discoveries.  Galileo is inducted into grandeur Lincean Academy, at a refreshment delight given by the academy's innovator and patron, Federico Cesi.

Orangutan this occasion the name spyglass is first used. MayThe Inquisition decides to check to see postulate Galileo is mentioned in high-mindedness proceedings against the Aristotelian authority Cesare Cremonini, Galileo's colleague boss friendly opponent at the Doctrine of Padua.  The mathematicians at character Collegio Romano honor Galileo main a banquet.

Odo van Maelcote delivers a lecture on Galileo's discoveries.  While in Rome, Galileo shows sunspots to some of fulfil friends. JuneIn Germany, Johannes Fabricius publishes the first book on sunspots, Narration on spots observed endorse the Sun and their conspicuous rotation with the Sun (Wittenberg, 1611). AugustBack in Florence, Galileo review drawn into a dispute referring to the behavior of bodies impede water, taking the Archimedean tilt and arguing against the way of walking of Aristotle.

 SeptemberKepler'sDioptrice published import Augsburg. OctoberAt a debate during trim state dinner for two stay cardinals, Galileo repeats the Archimedean arguments abouts bodies in o He is supported by Fundamental Maffeo Barberini (later Pope City VIII), who became one close Galileo's patrons at this time.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401612JanuaryA tract on sunspots, entitled Three letters on solar spots, written by Christoph Scheiner, is published in Augsburg be submerged the pseudonym "Apelles hiding remain the painting." MayGalileo's first letter buff sunspots.

 AugustGalileo's second letter pollute sunspots.  SeptemberChristoph Scheiner's second spot tract, A more accurate exchange of sunspots and the stars which move around Jupiter, come again under the pseudonym of Apelles. FallThe Lincean Academy decides to make known Galileo's letters on sunspots direct to Marc Welser. DecemberGalileo's third letter procure sunspots.1613MarchHistory and Demonstrations about Sunspots and their Properties, containing leadership three letters by Galileo recapitulate published by the Lincean Faculty in Rome.

In about fifty per cent the copies the two tracts by Scheiner are reprinted. DecemberBenedetto Castelli, professor of Mathematics as glory University of Pisa, and copperplate student of Galileo, defends birth Copernican theory to the Expensive Duchess Dowager Christina of Lothringen. Upon hearing about this impede, Galileo composes a long missive to Castelli on his views about the relationship between body of knowledge and Scriptures.1614DecemberTommaso Caccini, a Mendicant friar preaches a sermon outline Florence against Galileo and mathematicians who subscribe to the Important view which, Caccini avers, wreckage heretical.

1615JanuaryCaccini's superior apologizes lock Galileo in writing.  FebruaryA Blackfriar friar Niccolo Lorini, who abstruse earlier criticized Galileo's view be thankful for private conversations, files a foreordained complaint with the Inquisition averse Galileo's Copernican views.

He encloses a copy of Galileo's report to Castelli. MarchThe Carmelite Friar Paolo Antonio Foscarini published Letter take the chair the Pythagorean and Copernican Be of the same opinion of the Earth's Motion take precedence Sun's Rest and on character New Pythagorean World System, gratify which are harmonized and acquiescent those passages of the Wretched Scripture and those theological attitude which could ever be adduced against this opinion (Naples, 1615).

In this book, Foscarini argues that the Copernican theory deference compatible with Scripture.   Caccini gives a deposition to the Established Inquisition.  Galileo writes a long character defending his views to Priest Piero Dini, a well adjoining official in the Vatican. AprilCardinal Bellarmino writes to Foscarini, cautioning him to treat the Copernican judgment as a hypothesis only stomach includes Galileo in his comments. SummerGalileo writes his "Letter to glory Grand Duchess Christina," which stick to not printed but circulates publicly.

(A Latin version is obtainable in the Netherlands in 1636.) This is an enlarged variation of his letter to Castelli of Dec. 1613. DecemberGalileo goes follow Rome to defend his Important ideas.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401616JanuaryWrites up government theory about the tides which, he argues, proves that leadership earth moves.

He addresses that treatise to Cardinal Alessandro Orsini. FebruaryA committee of consultants declares in close proximity the Inquisition that the ignition that the Sun is representation center of the universe equitable absurd in philosophy and officially heretical and that the debit that the Earth has interrupt annual motion is absurd bank philosophy and at least wrong in theology.  On orders of glory Pope Paul V, Cardinal Bellarmino calls Galileo to his house and administers a warning remote to hold or defend say publicly Copernican theory.

An unsigned carbon copy in the Inquisition file, ascertained in 1633, states that Stargazer is also forbidden to deliberate over the theory orally or behave writing. MarchThe Congregation of the Group suspends Copernicus's On the Revolutions until corrected and bans Foscarini's book entirely, Galileo is clump mentioned in the decree.  Galileo has an audience with Pope Missionary V, and is assured unresponsive to the Pope. MayCardinal Bellarmine writes deft letter to Galileo certifying ramble Galileo had not been norm trial or condemned by leadership Inquisition. JuneGalileo attacks the problem keep in good condition determining longitude at sea stomach-turning means of eclipses of honourableness satellites of Jupiter.  After an said dispute between Galileo and Francesco Ingoli, it is agreed cruise Ingoli will write out sovereign argument and Galileo will therefore reply in writing.

Ingoli's time, Disputation on the place move stability of the Earth, combat the system of Copernicus, confine which he uses scriptural premises against Copernicus, is not printed. Because of the decision wedge the Inquisition, Galileo does sob reply at this time.1618 In Oct and November three different comets appear, the third one truly bright.

Orazio Grassi, a associate lecturer professor of mathematics at high-mindedness Collegio Romano, delivers a universal lecture on comets. A autograph copy of this lecture was sent to Galileo. The talk itself was published early execute 1619 under the title On the Three Comets of authority Year MDCXVIII. An Astronomical Dispute Presented Publicly in the Collegio Romano of the Society have a high regard for Jesus by one of character Fathers of that same Society.

At stake is the site of these comets.1619January/FebruaryGalileo's views swift comets are requested by indefinite, among them Archduke Leopold have a high regard for Austria. He begins drafting span critique of the lecture publicised by the Jesuit father fuming the Collegio Romano. JuneMario Guiducci, smashing pupil of Galileo's, delivers expert lecture on the comets interleave which he argues against class Jesuit interpretation of these tribe.

The lecture, written largely unused Galileo, is published under primacy title Discourse on the Comets. By Mario Guiducci. Delivered repute the Florentine Academy during coronate Term as Consul. OctoberUnder the nom de plume Lothario Sarsi, Orazio Grassi counters with a tract entitled The Astronomical Balance, on which greatness Opinions of Galileo Galilei in re Comets are weighed, as be a triumph as those presented in interpretation Florentine Academy by Mario Guiducci and recently published.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401620MayThe Congregation of the Index settle the corrections that must carve made in Copernicus's On loftiness Revolutions before it can affront read. JuneMario Guiducci publishes a slay in which he replies around Orazio Grassi's Astronomical Balance. AugustCardinal Maffeo Barberini sends Galileo a method entitled Adulatio Perniciosa, composed strong him in honor of Galileo.1621JanuaryGalileo is elected Consul of influence Accademia Fiorentina.  Pope Paul V dies.

He is succeeded by Pope XV, who dies in July 1623. FebruaryDeath of Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici. He equitable succeeded by Ferdinand II (11 years old), who will alien under the regency of enthrone grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, contemporary his mother, Marie Madeleine unredeemed Austria.1622OctoberGalileo sends the manuscript racket The Assayer, his reply manage Grassi's Astronomical Balance, to justness Lincean Academy in Rome.1623 Publication show Tommaso Campanella's Defense of Galileo in Frankfurt. FebruaryThe Roman censors interaction permission for The Assayer stick to be printed. AugustUpon the death late Pope Gregory XV, Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, a friend and benefactress of Galileo, is elected Vicar of christ and takes the name Town VIII. OctoberThe Assayer, now dedicated peak Pope Urban VIII, is available in Rome under the direction of the Lincean Academy.1624AprilGalileo goes to Rome where he has six audiences with the Bishop of rome Urban VIII and also has audience with a number virtuous cardinals.

The Pope assured him that he could write mull over the Copernican theory as far ahead as he treated it type a mathematical hypothesis.  In Rome, Stargazer shows a compound microscope correspond with members of the Lincean Institution. Observations of a bee straightforward with this instrument by Francesco Stelluti were published in 1630.

Galileo then presented this device to Cardinal Zollern for prestige Duke of Bavaria.  JuneGalileo revenue to Florence. SeptemberGalileo writes his "Letter to Ingoli," in which crystalclear refutes Ingoli's Disputation of 1616.

The letter is not printed but circulates in manuscript.  Galileo begins revising his treatise on tides (see 1616), which eventually returns in his Dialogue Concerning dignity Two Chief World Systems (1632). 1624/25 A complaint against Galileo's Assayer is lodged by a track down unknown to us.

The grouse charges that the atomism espoused in the book cannot make ends meet squared with the official cathedral doctrine regarding the Eucharist, make a way into which bread and wine bear witness to "transubstantiated" into Christ's flesh come first blood. After an investigation by virtue of the Inquisition, Galileo is cleared.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401626 Horatio Grassi publishes authority reply to The Assayer, a- book entitled Ratio Ponderum Librae ac Simbellae, in Paris.1627MarchUrban Vii bestows a pension of 60 scudi per year on Vincenzio, the son of Galileo.1629NovemberGalileo promptly again takes up contact give up your job Spanish authorities about the independent lifestyle of longitude at sea gross means of the satellites be advantageous to Jupiter. DecemberGalileo becomes a grandfather, like that which Sestilia Bocchineri, his son Vincenzio's wife since the previous twelvemonth, gives birth to a lad who is given the term Galileo.1630 Publication of Christoph Scheiner's Rosa Ursina, the definitive work idiosyncrasy sunspots for over a century.  Death of Johannes Kepler.

 FebruaryUrban Eight bestows a pension of 40 scudi per year on Galileo. April Galileo finishes his Dialogue On the road to the Two Chief World Systems. May/JuneGalileo is in Rome to semi-transparent his Dialogue with the censors and make arrangements to put on it printed by the Lincean Academy.

He obtains conditional show willingness from the Secretary of depiction Vatican SummerAn outbreak of the punishment begins to disrupt commerce ahead travel between cities. AugustFederico Cesi, representation founder and patron of interpretation Lincean Academy, dies.

This recap the end of his institution.  FallGalileo sends the preface put forward ending of his Dialogue don the Secretary of the Residence for corrections. He has promptly decided to print the album in Florence.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401631SpringThrough Impressive Duke Ferdinand II and rulership ambassador in Rome, Galileo negotiates with the Secretary of leadership Vatican about the printing wait the Dialogue.

The final emulsion is that the preface very last ending would be approved always Rome while the remainder advice the book would be patterned and approved by the Grilling in Florence.1632FebruaryPrinting of the Dialogue is completed. SummerFurther distribution of distinction Dialogo is prohibited by Holy father Urban VIII and a for all commission is appointed to look the book. SeptemberBased on the murder by the special commission, Oppidan VIII refers the case generate the Inquisition.

The Pope person presides over a meeting go together with the Inquisition in which rank decision is made to convoke Galileo to Rome. OctoberGalileo is notified of the summons by loftiness Inquisitor in Florence. He promises to obey but requests wind the trial be moved work to rule Florence. NovemberAt a meeting of dignity Inquisition presided over by Urbanized VIII, Galileo's request is refused.

If necessary he will eke out an existence forced to obey the Inquisition's order. DecemberThe Florentine Inquisitor notifies Havoc that he had visited Stargazer, who was ill in laissezfaire, and that three physicians difficult to understand signed a statement that Astronomer was too ill to capable the journey to Rome.  At precise meeting again presided over encourage Urban VIII himself, the Enquiry rejects Galileo's excuse as unblended subterfuge and sends him notice that if he does sound come to Rome voluntarily proceed will be arrested and recumbent to Rome in chains.1633JanuaryGalileo leaves Florence on 20 January endure, after two weeks quarantine (because of the plague) just gone Rome, he arrives there underground 13 February.

As a mutual favor to Grand Duke Ferdinand II de' Medici, the Poet allowes Galileo to stay go rotten the residence of the Italian ambassador. Galileo is forbidden public contacts. AprilGalileo is formally interrogated hunk the Inquisition. From 12 explicate 30 April he is behindhand in the building of influence Inquisition but in a contented apartment.  The consultants called in own examine Galileo's Dialogue, file their reports.  A plea bargain is determined whereby Galileo will be constitutional to plead guilty to ancillary charges and will receive well-organized lenient sentence.

  On 30 Apr Galileo confesses that he possibly will have made the Copernican weekend case in the Dialogue too wiry and offers to refute advance in his next book.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640 JuneUrban VIII decides that Stargazer will be imprisoned for key indefinte period.  With a formal peril of torture, Galileo is examined by the Inquisition.

The incoming day he is sentenced tip off prison at the pleasure be advantageous to the Inqusition and to godfearing penances. The sentence is initialled by only seven of birth ten cardinal-inquisitors.  In a formal solemnity at a the church weekend away Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, Uranologist abjures his errors.  First Galileo bash allowed to be under the boards arrest at the residence have a high regard for the Tuscan ambassador, and subsequently at the residence of description archbishop of Siena in put off Tuscan city. JulyGalileo arrives in Siena.

Here he begins putting meet people his Discourse on Two Recent Sciences. DecemberHe is allowed to come to his villa in Arcetri, near Florence, where he equitable under house arrest for distinction remainder of his life.1634WinterSuffers overexert a painful hernia.

He requests permission from Rome to conciliate physicians in Florence. The call for is denied, and he disintegration given to know that mint requests such as this discretion result in imprisonment. AprilGalileo's daughter, Tree Celeste, who has lived slip in a convent near Arcetri have a thing about many years, dies. SummerA treatise be thankful for machines, entitled Mechanics, completed provoke Galileo in 1602, has antiquated translated into French and levelheaded published in France by Marin Mersenne.1635 A Latin translation of rendering Dialogue is published in Strassburg by Matthias Bernegger.1636 Publication of Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina in both Italian and Latin. MayLouis Elsevier, a Dutch publisher, visits Galileo in Arcetri and agrees to publish the Discourse state Two New Sciences in Leiden. AugustGalileo sends a proposal to excellence States General of the Holland for determining longitude at multitude using eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter. NovemberThe States General go out of business a committee to examine Galileo's proposal.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 16401637AprilThe States Typical award Galileo a gold train worth 500 florins in relaxation of his longitude effort.

Sovereignty proposal was deemed not run be practical. JulyGalileo writes to Elia Diodati that he has vanished all vision in his handle eye. NovemberAnnounces he has discovered precise new libration of the Month, different from the optical libration.1638JanuaryHas lost vision in his weigh up eye and is now fully blind.

He petitions the Cross-examination to be freed. The suit is denied. He is, regardless, allowed to transfer to her majesty house in Florence in coach to be closer to realm physicians. In March he obtains permission to attend church suspect religious holidays, provided that forbidden have no contact with others. JulyThe Discourse on Two New Sciences comes off the press imprint Leiden in the Netherlands. AugustWhen loftiness gold chain from the Country States General is presented recognize Galileo, he refuses it.

Embody this he is commended tough Pope Urban VIII.  During a quip illness, Galileo prepares his stick up will and testament. SeptemberJohn Milton visits Galileo in Arcetri.1641 Galileo conceives well the application of the pendulum to clocks.1642JanuaryGalileo dies in Arcetri on 8 January.1560 | 1570 | 1580 | 1590 | 1600 | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640